![]() This X-ray reveals osteoarthritis in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe. So, it is very important that, when possible, X-rays are taken standing. In arthritic conditions, if X-rays are taken without standing, it is difficult to assess how much arthritis is present, where it is located in the joint, and how much deformity is present. They are the most valuable additional test in diagnosing the severity of arthritis and noting any joint deformity associated with it. Weight-bearing X-rays are taken while you stand. An X-ray of an arthritic foot may show narrowing of the joint space between bones (an indication of cartilage loss), changes in the bone (such as fractures), or the formation of bone spurs. X-rays provide detailed pictures of dense structures such as bone. For example, if you are limping, the way you limp can tell your doctor a lot about the severity and location of your arthritis.ĭuring the gait analysis, your doctor will assess how the bones in your leg and foot line up when you walk, measure your stride, and test the strength of your ankles and feet. Pain and joint stiffness will change the way you walk. During the physical examination, your doctor will closely observe your gait (the way you walk). Your doctor will also examine your shoes to determine if there is any abnormal or uneven wear and to ensure that they are providing sufficient support for your foot and ankle. If so, they will discuss your injury, including when it occurred and how it was treated. Your doctor will also ask if you have had an injury to your foot or ankle in the past. Is the pain worse in the morning or at night? Does it get worse when walking or running?.When does the pain occur? Is it continuous, or does it come and go?.Where exactly is the pain? Does it occur in one foot or in both feet?.They will examine your foot and ankle for tenderness and swelling and ask questions to understand more about your symptoms. Your doctor will discuss your overall health and medical history and ask about any medications you may be taking. ![]() When the body is exposed to this trigger, the immune system begins to produce substances that attack the joints. There is usually a trigger, such as an infection or environmental factor, which activates the genes. Although it is not an inherited disease, researchers believe that some people have genes that make them more susceptible. ![]() The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not known. Over time, the synovium invades and damages the bone and cartilage, as well as ligaments and tendons, and may cause serious joint deformity and disability. In rheumatoid arthritis, immune cells attack the synovium covering the joint, causing it to swell. This means that the immune system attacks its own tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. It is symmetrical, meaning that it usually affects the same joint on both sides of the body. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that can affect multiple joints throughout the body, and often starts in the foot and ankle. Osteoarthritis develops slowly, causing pain and stiffness that worsen over time. In addition to age, other risk factors for osteoarthritis include obesity and family history of the disease. This can result in bone rubbing on bone, and produce painful osteophytes (bone spurs). As the cartilage wears away, it becomes frayed and rough, and the protective space between the bones decreases. ![]() In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the joint gradually wears away. Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative or wear-and-tear arthritis, is a common problem for many people after they reach middle age, but it may occur in younger people, too. The major types of arthritis that affect the foot and ankle are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and posttraumatic arthritis. ![]()
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